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Hey, welcome to my blog, I am Paola Mauceri and I create this blog to publish the different activities of ID112 about rhetorical functions such as: Definition, comparison/contrast, classification, cause and effect and process. Enjoy it!!!!!!

Part A5, Cause and effect

5. Stress
Stress is defined as "a factor that induces bodily or mental tension." For many people, stress comes in various forms and causes various effects both mentally and physically. Stress manifests itself in so many different ways. Below are a few causes and effects of stress.
Stress can manifest itself because of a traumatic event or gradually over time. Some causes of stress are death of a loved one; caring for a dependent (children or elderly); caring for someone who is medically dependent (either from sickness of the mind or body); emotional stress because of a breakup or divorce; work stress; financial stress (not having enough money or debt); abuse (physical, emotional or mental); working out too much and stressing the body; worry; and control issues.
Stress affects each person differently in both mental and physical ways. Some side effects of stress are chest pain or palpitations; memory disturbances; loss of concentration; depression; anxiety; loose stools; digestive problems; headache; backache; neck pain; loss of appetite or overeating; outbursts of anger; and cold sweats.


http://www.ehow.com/how-does_5031722_cause-effects-stress.html

Part A4, Process

4. Meiosis Process
Meiosis is a very specialized process of cell division that produces gametes (eggs and sperm), and is quite distinct from the mitotic cycle of normally dividing cells. In humans, it is estimated that at least 10% of conceptions have defects that probably occurred during meiosis of either paternal or maternal gametes. Most of these will result in miscarriage. Understanding the process of meiosis is therefore fundamental to understanding human health and development. The purpose of meiosis is to reduce the normal diploid cells (2 copies of each chromosome / cell) to haploid cells, called gametes (1 copy of each chromosome per cell). In humans, these special haploid cells resulting from meiosis are eggs (female) or sperm (male). In yeast cells, they are spores.
To carry out this specialized process, the cells duplicate their DNA but follow this by two rounds of division, instead of one. The first division separates the duplicated homologues from each other. This essentially reduces the number of chromosomes in each cell. Thus, we call this the reductional, or Meiosis I division. The second division operates similarly to the mitotic division, and separates the sister chromatids from one another; we call this the equational, or Meiosis II division. The offspring from meiosis have half the number of chromosomes as their parent cell, because they receive just one copy of each chromosome, rather than two. (Compare the offspring in the meiosis diagram to those in mitosis).

http://kentsimmons.uwinnipeg.ca/cm1504/meiosis.htm
http://www-bcf.usc.edu/~forsburg/meiosis.html

Part A3, Comparison and/or contrast

3. iPhone Vs. Blackberry
For starters, a BlackBerry set up with Microsoft Exchange Server sports intelligent push email while the iPhone does not. When an email is sent to an account on a BlackBerry, the message is downloaded immediately and an LED on the phone notifies the user that he or she has a new message. The iPhone, on the other hand, recognizes new messages at most every 15 minutes and must be checked actively to see if anything has arrived. This deficiency makes handling email on the iPhone slower and less efficient; it also translates into wasted battery power as users need to perform the extra step of opening the iPhone’s email program every time they want to check for new mail.

Perhaps even more significantly, the iPhone fails to synchronize as well as the BlackBerry. When a BlackBerry user changes a calendar event or some contact information on his or her desktop computer in Exchange, the changes automatically appear on the BlackBerry. This makes keeping track of basic business information a snap because one never has to worry about acting on outdated data or manually updating one’s handheld. In contrast, the iPhone does not synchronize calendar and contact information wirelessly, which makes it less dependable for information ultimately stored on a server.


Comparison Matrix

http://techcrunch.com/2007/07/25/iphone-v-blackberry-side-by-side-two-week-comparison/

Part A2, Classification

2. Stem Cells
Stem cells are cells that have the potential to develop into some or many different cell types in the body, depending on whether they are multipotent or pluripotent. Serving as a sort of repair system, they can theoretically divide without limit to replenish other cells for as long as the person or animal is still alive. When a stem cell divides, each "daughter" cell has the potential to either remain a stem cell or become another type of cell with a more specialized function, such as a muscle cell, a red blood cell, or a brain cell.
Stem cells are classified into the following categories:
• Totipotent: Stem cells that can give rise to all cell types that are found in an embryo, fetus, or developed organism, including the embryonic components of the trophoblast and placenta required to support development and birth
• Pluripotent: Stem cells that can become all the cell types that are found in an implanted embryo, fetus, or developed organism, but not embryonic components of the trophoblast and placenta (these are usually called extra-embryonic).
• Multipotent: Stem cells whose progeny are of multiple differentiated cell types, but all within a particular tissue, organ, or physiological system.
• Unipotent: Stem cells that self-renew as well as give rise to a single mature cell type; e.g., spermatogenic stem cells.

Graphic Organizer

http://stemcells.nih.gov/StemCells/Templates/StemCellContentPage.aspx?NRMODE=Published&NRNODEGUID=%7bA604DCCE-2E5F-4395-8954-FCE1C05BECED%7d&NRORIGINALURL=%2finfo%2ffaqs%2easp&NRCACHEHINT=NoModifyGuest#whatare
http://www.stemcellresources.org/celltalk_lesson_2.html
http://isscr.org/Glossary_of_Stem_Cell_Related_Terms.htm#Multipotent

Part A1, Definition

1.    The development of better biotech enzymes

Enzymes are proteins that speed up chemical reactions, such as laundry detergent digesting protein stains, which are otherwise very difficult to remove. A research team led by Professor Kam-bo Wong of the Centre for Protein Science and Crystallography, School of Life Sciences at The Chinese University of Hong Kong demonstrated a fundamental principle in changing the activity of enzymes by means of protein engineering. The findings provide potential insights into the future design of biotechnologically important enzymes, and will be published in next week's issue of the online, open access journal PLoS Biology.

Proteins from thermophiles, organisms that live in high temperatures, are more resistant to heat denaturation than those from mesophiles, organisms that live in moderate temperatures. In nature, enzymes from microbes that thrive in extremely hot habitats like hydrothermal vents can remain stable even at 100 C. These thermophilic enzymes are useful for the biotech industry because of their superior stability.

http://www.biologynews.net/archives/2011/03/15/the_development_of_better_biotech_enzymes.html

Definition provided:

 Enzymes: They are proteins that speed up chemical reactions.

            Glossary:

·         Biotech: It is the branch of molecular biology that studies the use of microorganisms to perform specific industrial processes.

·         Denaturation: To change the nature or natural qualities of.

·         Hydrothermal: Of or relating to hot water

·         Insights: It is a penetrating and often sudden understanding, as of a complex situation or problem.

·         Thrive: To make steady progress; prosper.

·         Vents: It is an opening permitting the escape of fumes, a liquid, a gas, or steam.

http://www.thefreedictionary.com